The minimum sample size was arrived at through the use of a Cochran formula(14): The city of Ilorin is in western Africa, at 80'30"N latitude and 40'30"E longitude. The study sample was composed of subjects ≥ 18 years of age. This was a cross-sectional study, carried out from October of 2005 to April of 2006 in Ilorin, Nigeria. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the factors associated with nocturnal, productive and dry cough among young adults in Nigeria. Although the determinants of the different types of cough (nocturnal, productive and dry) in other parts of the world are known,(13) there is a paucity of data on factors associated with cough in Nigeria. Apart from these physical complications, coughing is an unpleasant and distressing symptom, which, if prolonged, is associated with anxiety, depression and significant impairment in quality of life.(3-5) Cough is induced by various inflammatory or mechanical changes in the airways, as well as by inhalation of chemical or mechanical irritants, typically to upper airway sites, especially the larynx, the carina and other points where the proximal airways branch.(6) The mechanisms by which clinical cough develops are at present poorly understood.(7) Studies have discovered a female predisposition to cough and have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors induce cough more often among women than among men.(8-10) The greater female predisposition to cough has been attributed to increased cough reflex sensitivity.(11,12)Īwareness of demographic and environmental factors associated with the development of cough could promote early identification, increase prevention of such factors and improve treatment of respiratory conditions. Paradoxically, it also plays an important role in the spread of infection.(3) Coughing can result in syncope, abdominal hernia, incontinence or pneumomediastinum. It is responsible for clearing excessive secretions, foreign material and infectious organisms from the airways.(1-3) Cough is an important defense mechanism of the respiratory system. Conclusões: A prevenção precoce e o tratamento de condições associadas à tosse, assim como a modificação de fatores sociais comumente associados à tosse, são necessários a fim de reduzir a morbidade respiratória.Ĭough is the symptom for which most patients most often seek medical attention and affects a large proportion of the general population.(1,2) It can be benign and self-limiting but can also be a warning sign of an impending disease. Resultados: A tosse noturna apresentou associações com asma (OR = 10,87 p 0,05). Métodos: Foram avaliados 498 indivíduos com 20-44 anos de idade em Ilorin, Nigéria, utilizando-se o questionário European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), administrado por entrevistadores treinados. Objetivo: Determinar os fatores associados à tosse seca, tosse produtiva e tosse noturna entre jovens adultos na Nigéria. Conclusions: Early prevention and treatment of conditions associated with cough, as well as the modification of social factors commonly associated with cough, are needed in order to reduce respiratory morbidity.Ĭough Smoking Asthma Rhinitis Nigeria. Results: Nocturnal cough was associated with asthma (OR = 10.87 p 0.05). Methods: We evaluated 498 subjects, 20-44 years of age, in Ilorin, Nigeria, using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire, administered by trained interviewers. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with nocturnal, productive and dry cough among young adults in Nigeria.
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